Papers, 1928-1946.

United States. Works Progress Administration

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Organizational History President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in 1935 as a part of his New Deal to curtail the Depression's effects on the United States. The WPA attempted to provide the unemployed with jobs that allowed individuals to preserve skills or talents. The Federal Writers' Project (FWP), one branch of the WPA, provided work for over 6,600 unemployed writers, journalists, edit...

Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986

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William Averell Harriman (November 15, 1891 – July 26, 1986), better known as Averell Harriman, was an American Democratic politician, businessman, and diplomat. The son of railroad baron E. H. Harriman, he served as Secretary of Commerce under President Harry S. Truman, and later as the 48th Governor of New York. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1952 and 1956, as well as a core member of the group of foreign policy elders known as "The Wise Men". While attendi...

La Guardia, Fiorello H. (Fiorello Henry), 1882-1947

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Fiorello Henry La Guardia (born Fiorello Enrico La Guardia; December 11, 1882 – September 20, 1947) was an American attorney and politician who represented New York in the House of Representatives and served as the 99th Mayor of New York City from 1934 to 1945. Known for his irascible, energetic, and charismatic personality and diminutive stature, La Guardia is acclaimed as one of the greatest mayors in American history. Though a Republican, La Guardia was frequently cross-endorsed by other part...

Perkins, Frances, 1880-1965

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Frances Perkins (born Fannie Coralie Perkins; April 10, 1880 – May 14, 1965) was an American sociologist and workers-rights advocate who served as the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, the longest serving in that position, and the first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet. As a loyal supporter of her friend, Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR), she helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition. She and Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes were the only original members of the Rooseve...

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962

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Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was the longest-serving First Lady throughout her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four terms in office (1933-1945). She was an American politician, diplomat, and activist who later served as a United Nations spokeswoman. A shy, awkward child, starved for recognition and love, Eleanor Roosevelt grew into a woman with great sensitivity to the underprivileged of all creeds, races, and nations. Her constant work to improve their lot made her one of the most loved–...

Wallace, Henry A. (Henry Agard), 1888-1965

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Henry Agard Wallace (October 7, 1888 – November 18, 1965) was an American politician, journalist, and farmer who served as the 11th U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, the 33rd vice president of the United States, and the 10th U.S. Secretary of Commerce. He was also the presidential nominee of the left-wing Progressive Party in the 1948 election. The oldest son of Henry C. Wallace, who served as the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture from 1921 to 1924, Henry A. Wallace was born in Adair County, Iowa in...

Byrnes, James F. (James Francis), 1882-1972

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James F. Byrnes was born on May 2, 1882, in Charleston, South Carolina, to Elizabeth McSweeney and James Byrnes. On May 2, 1906, he married Maude Busch, who was born in Aiken, SC, on October 22, 1883. Byrnes was elected Court Solicitor of the Second District in 1908; U.S. Congressman from 1911-1925; U.S. Senator from 1931-1941. He was appointed to serve as a Justice of U.S. Supreme Court 1941-1942. He also served as Director of the Office of Economic Stabilization, 1942; Director of the Office o...

United States. Federal Civil Works Administration

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The Civil Works Administration was established by EO 6420-B, November 9, 1933, under authority of the National Industrial Recovery Act (48 Stat. 200), June 16, 1933, to provide relief work for unemployed persons through public work projects. Functioned simultaneously, and to some extent with the same personnel, with Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). Liquidated March 1934, and functions and records transferred to the Emergency Relief Program of FERA. From the description...

Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976

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Business executive and U.S. postmaster general 1933-1940. From the description of Correspondence to Maxwell Struthers Burt, 1949. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 122446088 James A. Farley was a Democratic party leader and a U.S. Postmaster General. From the description of James A. Farley letter, 1971 Feb. 23. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122411243 Politician. From the description of Reminiscences of James Aloysius ...

Cummings, Homer S. (Homer Stillé), 1870-1956

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United States Attorney General. From the description of Papers of Homer S. Cummings, 1886-1956. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 48583233 Was U.S. Attorney General at the time of these letters. From the description of Correspondence with Johan Thorsten Sellin, 1934-1936. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 236165635 Attorney-General of the United States, 1933-1939. From the description of Papers of Homer S. ...

Cox, Oscar Sidney.

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New York (State). Temporary Emergency Relief Administration

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Olson, Floyd Björnstjerne, 1891-1936

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United States. Department of Commerce

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Henderson, Leon, 1895-1986

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Leon Henderson (1895-1986) was born in Millville, New Jersey. He served in the U.S. Army in World War I. He graduated from Swarthmore College and taught at the Wharton School of Commerce and Finance at the University of Pennsylvania and at the Carnegie Institute of Technology. Henderson served as Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and worked at the Russell Sage Foundation in New York before moving to Washington, D.C. In Washington, he joined the National Recovery Administration...

Rosenman, Samuel I. (Samuel Irving), 1896-1973

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Lawyer and judge. From the description of Papers, 1945-1966. (Harry S Truman Library). WorldCat record id: 70946898 Judge. From the description of Reminiscences of Samuel Irving Rosenman : oral history, 1957. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 86131331 From the description of Oral history interview with Samuel Irving Rosenman, 1959. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309723901 Samue...

Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965

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Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born at Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, on 30 November 1874. He was educated at Harrow and the Royal Military College at Sandhurst before joining the Army in 1895 and serving in India and Sudan. After leaving the Army in 1899, he worked as a war correspondent for the Morning Post and the following year was elected Conservative Member of Parliament for Oldham. In 1904, Churchill decided to join the Liberal Party, and in 1906, was elected Liberal MP f...

Williams, Aubrey Willis, 1890-1965

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Williams was executive director of the Wisconsin Conference of Social Work from 1922 to 1932. He joined the Roosevelt administration in 1933 and left in 1943 to become director of the National Farmers' Union. From 1945 to 1965 he was editor of SOUTHERN FARM AND HOME. From the description of Papers, 1914-1959, 1930-1959 (bulk) (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 155525242 Aubrey Willis Williams (1890-1965), social worker, federal official, and civil rights advocate, was born in Sp...

Kelly, Edward J. (Edward Joseph), 1876-1950

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Edward Joseph Kelly (b. May 1, 1876, Chicago-d. Oct. 20, 1950), civil engineer and mayor of Chicago. From the description of Kelly, Edward J. (Edward Joseph), 1876-1950 (U.S. National Archives and Records Administration). naId: 10570025 ...

Robinson, Arthur Granville, 1892-1967.

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Vice admiral, United States Navy; captain, U.S.S. Marblehead, 1940-1942; president, Military Commission on War Crimes in the Pacific Area, 1946-1949. From the description of Arthur Granville Robinson papers, 1913-1968. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754870066 Biographical/Historical Note Vice admiral, United States Navy; captain, U.S.S. Marblehead, 1940-1942; president, Military Commission on War Crimes in the Pacific Are...

Grinnell College

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Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952

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Lawyer and U.S. secretary of the interior. From the description of Harold L. Ickes papers, 1815-1969 (bulk 1933-1951). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70980130 Harold Ickes (1874-1952) was a United States administrator and politician. He served as Secretary of the Interior for 13 years, from 1933 to 1946, the longest tenure of anyone to hold the office, and afterwards he became a syndicated columnist writing on political topics. From the guide to the Harold Ickes ...

Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945

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Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882, in Hyde Park, New York. He was the son of James (lawyer, financier) and Sara (Delano) Roosevelt. He married Anna Eleanor Roosevelt on March 17, 1905, and had six children: Anna, James, Franklin, Elliott, Franklin Jr., John. He received his B.A. from Harvard in 1904 and later attended Columbia University Law School. Roosevelt was admitted to the Bar in 1907 and worked for the Carter, Ledyard, and Milburn firm in New York City from 1907 to 19...

Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946

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Harry Lloyd Hopkins (1890-1946) was born in Sioux City, Iowa. After graduation from Grinnell College in 1912, he became a social worker in New York City with the Christadora Settlement House and the Association for Improving the Conditions of the Poor (AICP). He was Executive Secretary of the New York Board of Child Welfare from 1915 to 1917 and worked for the American Red Cross in New Orleans and Atlanta from 1917 to 1921, when he rejoined the AICP in New York as Assistant Director. He headed t...

Eccles, Marriner S. (Marriner Stoddard), 1890-1977

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"Brigham Young was the colonizer; Daniel Jackling the mining giant, and Marriner S. Eccles was Utah's premier financial genius," was the introduction to a 1977 Deseret News review of Eccles' then-recently published biography. The biography, Marriner S. Eccles: Private Entrepreneur and Public Servant, as well as a previously published autobiography, Beckoning Frontiers, detail the life of this remarkable man. He became the "principal economic philosopher of the New Deal," according t...

Rowe, James H. (James Henry), 1909-1984

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James Henry Rowe, Jr. (1909-1984), lawyer and administrative assistant to Franklin D. Roosevelt, helped form and carry out the New Deal. From the description of Rowe, James H. (James Henry), 1909-1984 (U.S. National Archives and Records Administration). naId: 10572592 Attorney. Rowe served in several Roosevelt agencies and was appointed administrative assistant to President Roosevelt in 1939. After serving in the Navy during World War II, he continue...

Frank, Jerome, 1889-1957

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Lawyer, Judge. From the description of Reminiscences of Jerome New Frank : oral history, 1952. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309737956 Jerome Frank was born in New York City on September 10, 1889. He graduated from the University of Chicago in 1909 and entered the Illinois bar in 1912. He began writing in the 1920s and moved to New York City in 1929. Frank served as general counsel to the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) from ...

Earle, George F.

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Born in 1913, George F. Earle grew up in New Bedford, Mass. He began oil painting at the age of 8 and attended Syracuse University where he started the University's first ski team. Earle spent a year painting in Mexico and then began work on his advanced degree in fine arts at Yale University. Enlisted the day after Pearl Harbor and found his way into the 10th Mountain Division, where he became a ski instructor at Camp Hale, Colo. Throughout the invasion and occupation of Kiska Island, as well a...

Sherwood, Robert E. (Robert Emmet), 1896-1955

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American playwright. From the description of Letter, Surrey, England, to Malcolm Wells, New York City [manuscript], 1948 August 30. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647817235 Sherwood was a noted American dramatist. He was born in New Rochelle, N.Y., graduated from Harvard in 1918, and served in World War I. He wrote for Vanity Fair and Life magazines, serving as editor of the latter from 1924 to 1928. His first play, written in 1927, was an immediate success. H...

Kingsbury, John Adams, 1876-1956

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Social worker and social reformer. From the description of John Adams Kingsbury papers, 1841-1966 (bulk 1906-1939). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70979825 Biographical Note 1876, Aug. 30 Born, Horton, Kans. 1897 Graduated, Yakima High School, Yakima, Wash. ...

New York Tuberculosis and Health Association

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United States. Federal Emergency Relief Administration

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In order to counteract the effects of the Depression, the Federal Government founded numerous agencies geared at lowering unemployment and boosting the economy. Among these were the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), created on May 12, 1933; the Civil Works Administration (CWA), established on November 9, 1933; and the Works Progress Administration (WPA-1), established on May 6, 1935. The Civil Works Administration was abolished in March, 1934, with its functions and records transfe...